What is the working principle of Single Stand Multi-Groove Reducing Rolling Mill

1、 Equipment definition and core structure

      Single stand multi slot reducing rolling mill, with only one set of main frame and roll ring for cutting multiple circular holes with gradually decreasing diameters (multiple pass hole patterns integrated on the same pair of rolls). Wire/flat wire/aluminum copper strip passes through all channels at once, and a single stand completes multiple continuous reducing rolling processes. It is commonly used for high-precision reducing forming of small sections such as precision micro metal conductors, photovoltaic welding strips, FFC flat wires, and air conditioning aluminum tube blanks.

Core components:

      Main frame (high rigid closed memorial archway)

      A pair of multi groove rolling rolls (roller rings are segmented with decreasing circular/flat holes)

Synchronous transmission system (double roller constant speed rotation)

      Incoming guide and outgoing straightening device

      Roller seam fine adjustment mechanism+cooling and lubrication system

2、 Basic Rolling Deformation Principle (Essence of Pressure Processing)

      The metal wire enters the slot of a pair of reverse synchronous rotating rollers and is forced to be compressed radially by the roller slot:

      Radial compression: The groove arc constrains the outer diameter of the rolled piece, reducing the cross-sectional area;

      Axial extension: The metal volume remains unchanged, and the metal produced by compression flows in the length direction, causing the wire to be elongated and the diameter to decrease;

      Lateral restriction: The groove shaped sidewall constrains the metal width expansion, avoiding wire ovality and edge collapse, and ensuring roundness/flatness accuracy.

      Different from multi stand continuous rolling: one independent stand per pass for ordinary continuous rolling; All the decreasing holes and grooves of the machine are integrated into the same rolling mill, and the raw materials pass through the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the finished product groove in sequence at once. Multiple diameter reductions are continuously completed in a single machine frame.

3、 Multi slot step-by-step reducing core workflow

1. Hole type grading design (key)

      The rolling mill is arranged with multiple grooves along the axial direction, and the diameter of the groove bottom decreases step by step from the inlet to the outlet. Each groove is assigned a fixed single pass reduction rate, and the total reduction amount is distributed to multiple passes to avoid cracking, surface scratches, and dimensional instability caused by excessive single pressure

      The first few rough reduction steps: large reduction amount, quickly reducing the outer diameter of the billet;

      Intermediate transition groove: uniformly refine grain size and correct roundness;

      Final product groove: Micro sizing to ensure outer diameter tolerance and surface smoothness.

2. Continuous rolling deformation process

      The billet is fed into the first large groove through the guiding die, and the rolling mill is interlocked to drive the wire forward;

      The wire automatically enters the next smaller rolling groove in sequence, and completes a radial compression extension after passing through each groove;

      The same pair of rollers are synchronously driven throughout the entire process, and the speed of each groove line is completely consistent, without any tension fluctuations between frames (the biggest difference from tension reducing machines);

      After being discharged from the final groove, it is lubricated, cooled, straightened, and directly wound up to obtain finished wire/flat strip.

3. Mechanism of tension-free constant speed rolling

      Multiple grooves are on the same rolling mill, and the circumferential velocities of each groove on the roll surface are completely equal. The rolled piece is not subjected to axial tension caused by the speed difference between the front and rear stands throughout the rolling process

      Advantages: Thin walled aluminum tubes, fine copper wires, and soft aluminum materials will not be stretched or broken, and the wall thickness is uniform;

      Compared to multi rack tension reduction machines: tension reduction relies on the speed difference between the front and rear rollers to produce tension reduction walls; This machine relies solely on radial compression of holes and grooves, which belongs to tension-free reduction and is suitable for soft, thin-walled precision profiles.

4、 Collaborative principle of supporting auxiliary system

Cooling lubrication

      Continuous spraying of emulsion/special lubricating oil in the rolling area: cools the rollers and workpieces, reduces groove wear, and takes away the heat of rolling deformation, preventing high temperature sticking of aluminum and copper materials to the rollers and surface burrs.

Roller seam fine adjustment mechanism

      Manually/electrically adjust the center distance between the upper and lower rollers, uniformly adjust the pressure reduction of all channels, adapt to different raw materials, and fine tune the outer diameter size of the finished product.

Entrance and exit guidance

      Entrance guidance ensures that the wire does not deviate from the center; Export guide wheels stabilize the wire to prevent bouncing and twisting after exiting the groove, ensuring straightness.

Rigid rack buffer

      The closed memorial archway counteracts the radial impact force of rolling, and the rolling groove size is not easy to bounce, so the outer diameter size of long-term batch production is stable.

5、 Principle support corresponding to core process advantages

Small footprint and low equipment cost

      Multi pass integrated single rack eliminates the need for multiple sets of racks and multiple sets of transmission motors, with only one set of drivers per production line;

Soft metals are not easily broken by pulling

      Same roll constant speed tension-free rolling, aluminum and copper thin-walled materials without axial tension, suitable for air conditioning aluminum flat tubes and photovoltaic aluminum welding strips;

High precision outer diameter and good roundness

      Multi channel micro step reduction, small deformation in a single channel, uniform metal deformation, and less likely to produce ellipses or bamboo knots;

Easy to operate and convenient to change specifications

      Just replace the entire set of multi groove roller rings without disassembling multiple sets of frames;

Stable production speed

      Full process single drive synchronization, without stacking or pulling faults in the continuous rolling mill, suitable for high-speed continuous winding.